IELTS WRITING SECTION (WRITING TASK 1)


Section ketiga di dalam tes IELTS adalah Writing Section yang dibagi menjadi 2 Task, yaitu Task 1 dan Task 2. Di Writing Task 1, peserta akan menjelaskan data dalam bentuk grafik atau gambar, baik yang berupa single data maupun combined data dan menulis setidaknya 150 kata. Sedangkan pada Writing Task 2, peserta akan menulis sebuah argumentative writing dimana sebuah topik akan diberikan dan peserta akan diminta menulis essay sebanyak 250 kata.
Writing Task 1
Ada setidaknya 4 poin penting yang harus dicover oleh tulisan anda di IELTS Writing Task 1, yaitu:

  • Overview (memperkenalkan grafik atau gambar)
  • Explaining all existing variables (menjelaskan variabel yang ada)
  • Explaining the major trend or features (menjelaskan data berdasarkan tren)
  • Giving detailed explanation (menjelaskan data secara mendetail)

 CATATAN!
a.Perlu diingat bahwa di Writing Task 1, tulisan anda harus sangat objektif dan tidak boleh ada informasi yang berasal dari luar data atau informasi yang sama sekali tidak berkaitan dengan data yang ada.
b.Pada poin 1-3 Writing Task 1, anda hanya menjelaskan data yang ada secara umum tanpa memberikan keterangan spesifik seperti angka, presentase, naik turunnya sebuah variabel, dan sebagainya. Yang harus anda berikan adalah gambaran umum dari data yang ada
c. Keterangan yang bersifat mendetail akan anda berikan di poin ke empat

Langkah-langkah Mengerjakan IELTS Writing Task 1


Mari kita ambil contoh dari Bar Graph berikut
Author's note: I used to have a graphic illustration for this writing. But it turns out that neither using such image nor providing a url directing to it is considered as fair use, and I really want to make this blog as legal as possible, and to avoid having problems with copyright infringement. Please use the keyword of each first sentence of my writing to find the illustration from the website of the legal copyright holder.
1.Buat lah sebuah overview dengan memperkenalkan grafik atau gambar dan mem-paraphrase judul asli grafik atau gambar tersebut

Dari grafik diatas misalnya, kita harus memperkenalkannya terlebih dahulu dengan menulis:

The bar graph shows / presents / indicates / depicts / explains / illustrates, dst. Ingat bahwa semua kata bergaris miring memiliki arti yang sama. Ini adalah langkah paraphrase untuk membuat kosakata anda lebih beragam dan dengan demikian mendapat skor tertinggi untuk task list “vocabulary range”. Jika anda sudah menggunakan kata “shows” pada paragraf pertama, jangan gunakan kata yang sama pada paragraf kedua, namun ganti lah dengan kata lain yang memiliki arti yang sama.

Setelah memperkenalkan grafik atau gambar, anda harus mem-paraphrase judul asli “Different modes of transport used to travel to and from work in one European City” dengan cara
a. Mengganti setiap kata dengan kata lain yang artinya sama atau mendekati
b. Mengganti struktur grammar yang ada
Contoh: Various types of vehicle chosen to go to and return from work in a City of Europe
Jika anda merasa kesulitan mem-paraphrase judul tersebut sekaligus, anda bisa melakukannya kata per kata atau frasa per frasa dengan membuat sebuah paraphrase inventory:

Kata dari Judul Asli
Paraphrase
Different
Various, several
Modes
Types, means
Transport
Vehicle, transportation
Used
Chosen, taken
To travel and from work
To go to and return from, to commute to and from work
In one European City
In a City of Europe

Selain dengan mengganti kata, anda juga bisa merubah susunan dari kalimat judul tersebut, misalnya:

  • Mengganti frasa to infinitive dengan frasa gerund
Various types of vehicle chosen to go to and return from work in a City of Europe

  • Mengganti Noun phrase (frasa benda) dari yang sebelumnya berupa Adj+N (European City, Beautiful girl) menjadi N of N (City of Europe, Girl of beauty).
Various types of vehicle chosen for travelling to and returning from work in a City of Europe

  • Merubah sebuah kalimat aktif menjadi kalimat pasif
Various types of vehicle chosen to go to and return from work in a City of Europe is described by the bar graph

  • Merubah kalimat pasif menjadi aktif
The bar graph describes various types of vehicle chosen to go to and return from work in a City of Europe
2.  Jelaskanlah semua variabel yang ada di grafik atau gambar

Dari contoh bar graph diatas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada tiga variabel yang harus dijelaskan yaitu modes of transport, year, dan percentage of commuters, maka:
There are four means of transport presented in the graph which are bus, car, tube, and train along with the percentage of their users in 1960, 1980, and 2000.
  
3.  Jelaskan main trend atau main features di grafik atau gambar
     Main trend atau features dapat diartikan sebagai ciri atau perubaan yang paling menarik dari suatu grafik atau gambar. Main trend dapat dijelaskan dengan sangat umum dan bertujuan untuk membagi data yang ada menjadi cluster besar. Hal ini bertujuan untuk membuat tulisan menjadi well-structured dan mempermudah anda menjelaskan data yang ada dengan lebih spesifik.
   Contoh:
   Dari contoh diatas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa data yang ada dapat dibagi menjadi dua kelompok besar yaitu data yang bersifat consistent dan data yang bersifat fluktuatif, maka:
   The data can be divided into two different trends which are consistent and fluctuating. Bus consistently decreased, car consistently increased, while train and tube were fluctuating.
4.  Memberikan informasi secara mendetail
Setelah memberikan penjelasan tentang main trends atau main features, anda dapat memberikan detailed explanation dengan menggunakan pembagian yang sudah dilakukan di poin ketiga. Dari pembagian tersebut, anda dapat membuat dua paragraf untuk menjelaskan poin ke-4 yang terdiri dari satu paragraf consistent data dan satu paragraf fluctuating data. Ada beberapa hal yang harus diperhatikan ketika anda mengerjakan poin ke-4 Writing Task 1, yaitu:

Berikan penjelasan yang menyeluruh mengenai variabel yang ada
Jelaskan angka, presentase, naik turun, tinggi rendahnya suatu data dengan jelas

Task 1 - Bar graph
The bar graph indicates various types of transportation used for working and travelling in a city in Europe. Overall, the data shows the percentage of commuters taking train, car, tube and bus in 1960, 1980 and 2000. The main trend can be seen in the constant pattern of people commuting by car and by bus, either upgrading or degrading and the fluctuating pattern of commuters choosing tube and train.
The percentage of car drivers started from the lowest point of all existing figure, and eventually reached its peak point of approximately 37%. Bus, however, had the opposite pattern in which it started from the highest point of approximately 48% and gradually degraded to only 15%. Bus used to be the dominant mode of transportation with the highest point of all other figures, and thus the decrease was quite dramatic.

The percentage of commuters taking train and tube underwent ups and downs and the change from year to year was not very significant. Train started from less than 20% in 1960, and slightly increased and almost reached 30% in 1980. However, the percentage downgraded again in 2000. Tube, however, started from about 28% in 1960, it had slight decrease and increase in 1980 and 2000. In summary, people’s preference in different modes of transportation changed over year, whether it keeps decreasing, increasing or fluctuating.

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